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NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank/skills/data/paidf-anomalygen/SKILL.md

paidf-anomalygen

Full PAIDF AnomalyGen pipeline — fine-tune on a new anomaly dataset, generate synthetic anomaly images (SDG), evaluate quality (nn_score), and search per-sample (guidance, crop_ratio) parameters. Three modes: full (Phase 0→7: finetune then generate), finetune_only (Phase 0→1: train only), inference_only (Phase 0, 2→7: generate from an existing checkpoint). Use when the user asks to "fine-tune AnomalyGen", "generate anomaly images", "run PAIDF SDG", "evaluate SDG output quality", "run per-sample

Source repository stars
82
Declared platforms
0
Static risk flags
2
Last source update
2026-08-05
Source checked
2026-08-05

Decision brief

What it does—and where it fits

Standalone install? If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the tao-setup skill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).

Best for

  • Use when the user asks to "fine-tune AnomalyGen", "generate anomaly images", "run PAIDF SDG", "evaluate SDG output quality", "run per-sample

Not for

  • Tasks that require unconfirmed production actions or broad system permissions.
  • Environments where the pinned source and install steps cannot be inspected.

Compatibility matrix

Platform support, with evidence labels

PlatformStatusEvidenceWhat to check
CodexNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
Claude CodeNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
CursorNot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
Gemini CLINot declaredNo explicit evidencePortability before use
Open the compatibility checker

Installation

Inspect first. Install second.

The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.

Source-detected install commandSource
npx skills add https://github.com/NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank --skill "skills/data/paidf-anomalygen"
Safe inspection promptEditorial

Inspect the Agent Skill "paidf-anomalygen" from https://github.com/NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank/blob/ae5e99c2148cf6bab95d150ee243a6da3f2c1fb1/skills/data/paidf-anomalygen/SKILL.md at commit ae5e99c2148cf6bab95d150ee243a6da3f2c1fb1. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.

Workflow

What the source asks the agent to do

  1. 01

    Quick Start

    The pipeline runs inside the metropolissdg.paidfanomalygen container (declared in versions.yaml) or any host with the cosmos-predict2 conda env active. All phase commands assume that environment, at the repo root, with ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS exported.

    The pipeline runs inside the metropolissdg.paidfanomalygen container (declared in versions.yaml) or any host with the cosmos-predict2 conda env active. All phase commands assume that environment, at the repo root, with…Minimal end-to-end run (mode=full):
  2. 02

    2. Phase 0 — verify / download checkpoints (40 GB for the 2B default; needs HFTOKEN).

    ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} \ || ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/downloadcheckpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^}

    ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} \ || ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/downloadcheckpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^}
  3. 03

    3. Walk Phases 1→7 in order (see each Phase section).

    bash MODE= NAME= DATASETDIR= CLEANDIR=${cleandir:-${DATASETDIR}} CKPT= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full STEP= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full NUMSDG= DEFECTDESC= DEFECTS=(T+A T+B) TEXTURE+TYPE n…

    bash MODE= NAME= DATASETDIR= CLEANDIR=${cleandir:-${DATASETDIR}} CKPT= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full STEP= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MO…BASE=results/${NAME} JSONL=aginference/${NAME}/testcase.jsonl ORIGINAL=${BASE}/original SEARCHED=${BASE}/searched ROUNDS=${BASE}/rounds REGENS=${BASE}/regens bash ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^…${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/runsdg.sh \ --checkpointdir ${CKPT} --step ${STEP} \ --inputjsonl ${JSONL} --outputdir ${ORIGINAL} \ --modelsize ${MODELSIZE} --numgpus ${NUMGPUS}
  4. 04

    Mode validation (fail fast before any phase)

    mode unset → halt: "mode is required (full | inferenceonly | finetuneonly)."

    mode unset → halt: "mode is required (full | inferenceonly | finetuneonly)."mode=inferenceonly missing either checkpointdir or step → halt: "inferenceonly requires both checkpointdir and step."mode=full with checkpointdir or step supplied → halt: "full mode runs finetune; use mode=inferenceonly to reuse an existing checkpoint."
  5. 05

    Phase 0 — checkpoints

    Read references/finetune.md §Phase 0 for HFTOKEN requirements and what gets downloaded. Both scripts default to the 2B base + t5-large (40 GB); pass --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} so the chain checks and fetches the base size this run actually uses (2b→2B, 14b→14B) — otherwise a 1…

    Read references/finetune.md §Phase 0 for HFTOKEN requirements and what gets downloaded. Both scripts default to the 2B base + t5-large (40 GB); pass --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} so the chain checks and fetches the base…

Permission review

Static risk signals and limitations

Runs scripts

medium · line 20

The documentation asks the agent to run terminal commands or scripts.

required parameters up front, and run every command from the repo root.

Writes files

medium · line 71

The documentation asks the agent to create, modify, or delete local files.

uid 10000 and the container fails the instant it tries to create a file there.

Runs scripts

medium · line 75

The documentation asks the agent to run terminal commands or scripts.

full `docker run` command, the load-bearing-flag table, the preflight snippet,

Evidence record

Why each signal appears

EvidenceSourceComputedTestedEditorial
SignalValueEvidence typeMeaning
Quality score89/100ComputedDocumentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules
Repository stars82SourceRepository attention, not individual Skill quality
Compatibility0 platformsSourceDeclared in the catalog source record
Usage guideautomated source guideEditorialGenerated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level

Pinned source

Provenance and original SKILL.md

Repository
NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank
Skill path
skills/data/paidf-anomalygen/SKILL.md
Commit
ae5e99c2148cf6bab95d150ee243a6da3f2c1fb1
License
Apache-2.0
Collected
2026-08-05
Default branch
main
View the original SKILL.md

PAIDF AnomalyGen

Standalone install? If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the tao-setup skill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).

Multi-phase pipeline (0–7); the mode flag selects which phases run.

PhaseWhat runsMode(s)
0Verify / download pretrained checkpointsall
1Fine-tune on dataset_dirfull, finetune_only
2Prepare inference JSONL (AMP routing)full, inference_only
3SDG — generate synthetic anomaly images → original/full, inference_only
4Eval original/ — emit per_sample.csv + eval.log, merge nn_score into SDG_result.csvfull, inference_only
5Per-sample (guidance, crop_ratio) search rounds → rounds/round_NN/ (each round runs SDG + eval)full, inference_only
6Assemble best-of-rounds into searched/ (stitch only), plus rounds/search_summary.csvfull, inference_only
7Filter searched/ by nn_threshold (default 0.4), regen dropped samples, then canonical bucket eval → searched/{per_sample.csv, eval.log}full, inference_only

Run every phase through to completion without mid-run pauses. Collect all required parameters up front, and run every command from the repo root.

Shell setup. All ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS} references resolve to the packaged helper-script directory. Inside the container this is preset (ENV ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS=<dir>/scripts/utilities); on the host, export it once per shell:

export ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/utilities"

python3 -m scripts.utilities.<name> invocations work from any CWD inside the container (PYTHONPATH is preset) and from the repo root on the host. When inside a product container (ANOMALYGEN_PRODUCT_MODE=1), invoke anomalygen-guard before any GPU work; if it reports BLOCKED, fix the listed issues before continuing.

Quick Start

The pipeline runs inside the metropolis_sdg.paidf_anomalygen container (declared in versions.yaml) or any host with the cosmos-predict2 conda env active. All phase commands assume that environment, at the repo root, with ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS exported.

Minimal end-to-end run (mode=full):

# 1. Set the shared variables (see "Shared variables" for the full set).
export ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/utilities"
MODE=full
NAME=my_exp
DATASET_DIR=/data/uc1
DEFECT_DESC=assets/defect_spec_template.jsonl
NUM_SDG=20
MODEL_SIZE=2b

# 2. Phase 0 — verify / download checkpoints (~40 GB for the 2B default; needs HF_TOKEN).
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} \
    || ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/download_checkpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^}

# 3. Walk Phases 1→7 in order (see each Phase section).

For mode=inference_only (reuse a checkpoint) also set CKPT/STEP and skip Phase 1. For mode=finetune_only run only Phases 0–1.

Running in Docker — container launch, mounts & permissions

The paidf-anomalygen image runs as a non-root baked-in user (USER anomalygen, uid=10000), independent of your host uid. Docker does not remap uids on bind mounts, so a host directory owned by your uid is not writable by uid 10000 and the container fails the instant it tries to create a file there. Run as your host uid with --user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" plus the mandatory /etc/passwd+/etc/group and HOME/cache-redirect companions, and run the fail-fast write preflight before Phase 0. See references/docker.md for the full docker run command, the load-bearing-flag table, the preflight snippet, and the uid-10000 chown/chmod fallback.

Reference files — read before executing phases

Read references/finetune.md before Phase 0/1 and references/inference.md before any of Phases 2–7; for mode=full read both before starting. The remaining references below are on-demand — read when troubleshooting or needing full detail for a specific phase.

FileRead when
references/finetune.mdBefore Phase 0/1: env check, checkpoint download, dataset validation, config generation, training commands, best-checkpoint selection
references/finetune-commands.mdExact Phase 1 Step 1–4 commands and CKPT/STEP derivation
references/inference-commands.mdExact Phase 5 run_round.sh and Phase 7 filter_with_regen commands
references/inference.mdBefore Phases 2–7: AMP routing, JSONL validation, SDG flags, eval interpretation, search loop, filtering
references/setup.mdCheckpoint download fails; first-time setup; HF_TOKEN / disk issues
references/datasets.mdUser needs to prepare or obtain a UC1 / UC2 / UC3 dataset; dataset_dir doesn't exist yet
references/prep-testcase.mdAMP fails; need full param table, helper script descriptions, allocation invariant
references/sdg-inference.mdNCCL hang; checkpoint validation error; multi-GPU VRAM question; full step list
references/eval.mdUnexpected scores; FID column order confusion; eval output format reference
references/sdg-refine.mddraws.json alignment; re-AMP heuristics; search output layout
references/guard-and-custom-counts.mdFull guard preflight command; --per-defect-counts example
references/docker.mdContainer launch command, mount-permission flags, write preflight, uid-10000 fallback
references/output-layout.mdFull results/<name>/ directory tree with per-file annotations; post-run Verification checklist
references/error-handling.mdPipeline-level failure modes: missing mask dirs, short/empty AMP, mid-round resume, off-boundary step

Required parameters

num_SDG allocation depends on prep_testcase.sh --mode: inference (default, Phase 2) is uniform across defect types, override per-defect via --per-defect-counts; validation (Phase 1's validation JSONL) is proportional to training mask counts (largest-remainder rounding) and enforces ≥1 per defect. See references/prep-testcase.md for the full mode table.

ParameterDescription
modefull (Phase 0→7), inference_only (skip Phase 1), or finetune_only (Phase 0→1 only).
nameExperiment label.
dataset_dirTraining/reference dataset root. Drives mask-count allocation, AMP submask templates, and holds semantic_segmentation_labels.json for cad defects.
defect_specJSONL tagging each defect spatial_dependency as free/text/cad. text entries need roi_prompt_defect_location. Template: assets/defect_spec_template.jsonl.
num_SDGTotal output samples per bucket. (Ignored when mode=finetune_only.)

Conditionally required

ParameterRequired whenDescription
checkpoint_dir / stepmode=inference_onlyPre-existing fine-tuned model. In mode=full these are auto-derived after Phase 1; passing them is an error. In mode=finetune_only silently ignored — Phase 1 always trains from scratch (no resume-from-checkpoint support). Both must be present together — supplying only one is an error.

Optional parameters

ParameterDefaultDescription
clean_dirdataset_dirClean images. Set only when they live outside the training dataset. Forwarded as --clean-dir to prep-testcase and --clean-image-path to finetune.
validation_jsonlauto-generatedPre-built validation JSONL for Phase 1. When supplied, preflight verifies every defect_spec type appears and paths exist.
num_search_run3Per-sample search budget for Phase 5. 0 skips search (only original/). (Ignored when mode=finetune_only.)
nn_threshold0.4nn_score cutoff for Phase 7 (DINOv2 correspondence to real defects — key KPI). Samples below are regenerated; final searched/ always has num_SDG. 0 disables filtering.
max_iter75000Phase 1 only. Total fine-tune iterations.
save_iter5000Phase 1 only. Checkpoint save interval.
validation_iter5000Phase 1 only. Validation (nn_score) logging interval.
num_gpus1Forwarded to Phase 1 (finetune) and Phase 3 (SDG). Eval and search rounds stay single-GPU.
model_size2b2b or 14b. Used by finetune and SDG. On-disk checkpoint path encodes in upper-case (2b2B, 14b14B).
lr0.02Phase 1 only. Learning rate.
batch_size2Phase 1 only. Per-GPU batch size.
image_size512Phase 1 only. Training resolution (square).
guidance_range1.5 10.0Phase 5 search draw range for guidance.
crop_ratio_range1.5 10.0Phase 5 search draw range for crop_ratio.

Mode validation (fail fast before any phase)

  • mode unset → halt: "mode is required (full | inference_only | finetune_only)."
  • mode=inference_only missing either checkpoint_dir or step → halt: "inference_only requires both checkpoint_dir and step."
  • mode=full with checkpoint_dir or step supplied → halt: "full mode runs finetune; use mode=inference_only to reuse an existing checkpoint."

Shared variables

Set once before Phase 0:

MODE=<full|inference_only|finetune_only>
NAME=<exp>
DATASET_DIR=<dataset_dir>
CLEAN_DIR=${clean_dir:-${DATASET_DIR}}
CKPT=<checkpoint_dir>      # required iff MODE=inference_only; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full
STEP=<iter>                # required iff MODE=inference_only; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full
NUM_SDG=<N>
DEFECT_DESC=<defect_spec.jsonl>
DEFECTS=(T+A T+B)          # TEXTURE+TYPE names. For mode=inference_only, derive from ${CKPT}/ag_config.yaml → dataloader_train.dataset.anomaly_types (also printed by validate_checkpoint.py in Phase 0). For mode=full, take from DEFECT_DESC entries. See references/inference.md §Phase 0.
NUM_SEARCH_RUN=${num_search_run:-3}
NN_THRESHOLD=${nn_threshold:-0.4}
MODEL_SIZE=<2b|14b>
NUM_GPUS=${num_gpus:-1}
MAX_ITER=${max_iter:-75000}
SAVE_ITER=${save_iter:-5000}
VALIDATION_ITER=${validation_iter:-5000}
LR=${lr:-0.02}
BATCH_SIZE=${batch_size:-2}
IMAGE_SIZE=${image_size:-512}
VALIDATION_JSONL=${validation_jsonl:-}  # optional; set by Phase 1 Step 2 if not user-supplied

BASE=results/${NAME}
JSONL=ag_inference/${NAME}/testcase.jsonl
ORIGINAL=${BASE}/original
SEARCHED=${BASE}/searched
ROUNDS=${BASE}/rounds
REGENS=${BASE}/regens

Guard preflight (product mode only)

When ANOMALYGEN_PRODUCT_MODE=1, run .agents/skills/anomalygen-guard/scripts/preflight.py before any GPU work and fix any BLOCKED issues. --validation-jsonl is forwarded only when the user supplied one; for MODE=finetune_only omit --num-sdg if not supplied. See references/guard-and-custom-counts.md for the full preflight command with all forwarded flags and the validation-JSONL / allocate_samples.py 0-entry checks.


Phase 0 — checkpoints

Read references/finetune.md §Phase 0 for HF_TOKEN requirements and what gets downloaded. Both scripts default to the 2B base + t5-large (~40 GB); pass --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} so the chain checks and fetches the base size this run actually uses (2b2B, 14b14B) — otherwise a 14b run silently passes the 2B-only check and never downloads its checkpoint. Verify first; download only what is missing.

${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} \
    || ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/download_checkpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^}

Phase 1 — fine-tune (skip when MODE=inference_only)

Read references/finetune.md §Phase 1 for dataset structure, config template details, and best-checkpoint selection. Four steps: (1) validate dataset / derive anomaly types, (2) generate the validation JSONL (skip if user supplied VALIDATION_JSONL), (3) generate the training config — show it to the user and confirm before writing — (4) launch training in the background. Then derive CKPT (path encodes upper-case MODEL_SIZE) and STEP (highest nn_score step from validation logs). If MODE=finetune_only, stop after training. See references/finetune-commands.md for the exact Step 1–4 commands and the CKPT/STEP derivation snippet.


Phase 2 — prep-testcase (skip when MODE=finetune_only)

Read references/inference.md §Phase 2 for AMP routing detail and n_seeds sizing. Do NOT pass --seeds — it is auto-computed and is not a recognized flag. prep_testcase.sh defaults to --mode inference (uniform allocation across defect types, no KPI floor), which Phase 2 always uses.

${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/prep_testcase.sh \
    --name ${NAME} --num-sdg ${NUM_SDG} \
    --dataset-dir ${DATASET_DIR} \
    --clean-dir ${CLEAN_DIR} \
    --defect-spec ${DEFECT_DESC} \
    --amp-output-dir ag_inference/${NAME}/amp \
    --output-jsonl ${JSONL}

Custom per-defect counts: when the user specifies counts per defect type, translate to --num-sdg plus a --per-defect-counts JSON dict (types absent from the dict get 0; sum should equal --num-sdg, else the script warns on stderr and uses the override sum). Confirm the allocation when intent is ambiguous. See references/guard-and-custom-counts.md for the full --per-defect-counts command example and the ambiguity-handling detail.


Phase 3 — SDG → original/

Read references/inference.md §Phase 3 for JSONL validation against the checkpoint, multi-GPU caveats, and output verification.

python3 -m scripts.utilities.validate_checkpoint ${CKPT} --step ${STEP}
python3 -m scripts.utilities.validate_jsonl ${CKPT} ${JSONL}

${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_sdg.sh \
    --checkpoint_dir ${CKPT} --step ${STEP} \
    --input_jsonl ${JSONL} --output_dir ${ORIGINAL} \
    --model_size ${MODEL_SIZE} --num_gpus ${NUM_GPUS}

${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/verify_output.sh ${JSONL} ${ORIGINAL}

Phase 4 — eval original/

Read references/inference.md §Eval for score interpretation and feature-count explanation. run_eval.sh writes per_sample.csv and eval.log inside original/ and merges nn_score into SDG_result.csv.

${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_eval.sh \
    --real-path ${DATASET_DIR} --generated-path ${ORIGINAL} \
    --anomaly-types ${DEFECTS[@]}

Phase 5 — per-sample search rounds

Read references/inference.md §Phase 5 for draw strategy, ranges, and re-AMP guidance. For r in 1..NUM_SEARCH_RUN:

  1. Read prior round's per_sample.csv (or ${ORIGINAL}/per_sample.csv for r=1).
  2. Write ${ROUNDS}/round_${r}/draws.json with selected (guidance, crop_ratio) per sample.
  3. Run round via ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_round.sh (SDG + eval; the round dir gets its own sdg/{SDG_result.csv, per_sample.csv, eval.log}). See references/inference-commands.md §Phase 5 for the full command and flags.

NUM_SEARCH_RUN=0 is valid — skip this phase entirely and let Phase 6 clone original/ into searched/.


Phase 6 — assemble searched/ (stitch only)

Always run assemble (works with 0 rounds — searched/ clones original/, so downstream always reads searched/ regardless of num_search_run). Stitch-only: copies winning images per sample-index into searched/ and carries over per-sample nn_score / mnn_score from each pick's source-round per_sample.csv. No eval — Phase 7 emits the canonical searched/eval.log.

mkdir -p ${ROUNDS}
python3 -m scripts.utilities.assemble_searched \
    --original-dir ${ORIGINAL} --original-csv ${ORIGINAL}/per_sample.csv \
    --rounds-dir ${ROUNDS} --searched-dir ${SEARCHED}

Phase 7 — filter + regen + eval (default nn_threshold=0.4)

Phase 7 runs by default (nn_threshold=0.4) on every mode=full and mode=inference_only invocation; pass nn_threshold=0 to skip it. It filters searched/ by nn_threshold, regenerates dropped samples via re-AMP (fresh (clean, submask) pairing in the same defect type) for up to 5 attempts, then falls back to best-scoring non-passing regens and finally to dropped originals, so the final bucket always equals num_SDG.

Run python3 -m scripts.utilities.filter_with_regen. Pass --allocation ag_inference/${NAME}/allocation.json so regen targets the intended per-defect counts — without it a bucket left short (e.g. by an interrupted SDG) cannot be topped back up to num_SDG. It runs the final run_eval.sh internally — the only eval against searched/. Read references/inference.md §Phase 7 for regen mechanics, source-column tracing, and the regens/regen_summary.csv schema; see references/inference-commands.md §Phase 7 for the full command and flags.


Output layout

Every bucket that gets eval'd carries the same triad of files: SDG_result.csv (generation params + nn_score + guardrail_pass), per_sample.csv (per-sample nn + mnn), and eval.log (aggregate FID / per-defect avg). Buckets live under results/<name>/ as original/ (Phase 3+4), searched/ (Phase 6 stitch + Phase 7 filter+regen+eval), rounds/round_NN/ (Phase 5, plus search_summary.csv), and regens/regen_NN/ (Phase 7, plus regen_summary.csv).

Image content guardrail. A SigLIP content-safety check runs on every generated image and records its verdict in SDG_result.csv.guardrail_pass (1 safe / 0 blocked). A blocked image is replaced with an all-black image that still occupies its slot on disk, so counting files cannot detect it — never hand a guardrail_pass=0 sample downstream. Blacked-out samples score near-zero nn_score, so Phase 7 regenerates them like any other sub-threshold sample. Disable with ANOMALYGEN_IMAGE_GUARDRAIL=0.

See references/output-layout.md for the full directory tree with per-file annotations, the guardrail semantics, and the post-run Verification checklist (image counts per bucket, search_summary.csv / regen_summary.csv row checks, the per-type nn_score / mnn_score / fid fields in each eval.log, and the guardrail_pass sweep).

Error handling

Common pipeline failure modes (missing mask dirs, short/empty AMP output and the 0 entries written halt, mid-round SDG failure resume, off-boundary step, validate_dataset.py's non-zero exit on any pairing issue, the 2B-only check.sh default, and guardrail-blocked black images) are covered in references/error-handling.md; see also references/finetune.md and references/inference.md for phase-specific error handling.