Best for
- Use when the user asks to "fine-tune AnomalyGen", "generate anomaly images", "run PAIDF SDG", "evaluate SDG output quality", "run per-sample
NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank/skills/data/paidf-anomalygen/SKILL.md
Full PAIDF AnomalyGen pipeline — fine-tune on a new anomaly dataset, generate synthetic anomaly images (SDG), evaluate quality (nn_score), and search per-sample (guidance, crop_ratio) parameters. Three modes: full (Phase 0→7: finetune then generate), finetune_only (Phase 0→1: train only), inference_only (Phase 0, 2→7: generate from an existing checkpoint). Use when the user asks to "fine-tune AnomalyGen", "generate anomaly images", "run PAIDF SDG", "evaluate SDG output quality", "run per-sample
Decision brief
Standalone install? If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the tao-setup skill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).
Compatibility matrix
| Platform | Status | Evidence | What to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Claude Code | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Cursor | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
| Gemini CLI | Not declared | No explicit evidence | Portability before use |
Installation
The source command is displayed only when detected. A safe inspection prompt is always available so your agent can explain every action before execution.
npx skills add https://github.com/NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank --skill "skills/data/paidf-anomalygen"Inspect the Agent Skill "paidf-anomalygen" from https://github.com/NVIDIA-TAO/tao-skill-bank/blob/ae5e99c2148cf6bab95d150ee243a6da3f2c1fb1/skills/data/paidf-anomalygen/SKILL.md at commit ae5e99c2148cf6bab95d150ee243a6da3f2c1fb1. List every install step, command, network request, credential, file read/write, external action, and rollback step. Explain whether it fits my task. Do not install or execute anything until I approve.
Workflow
The pipeline runs inside the metropolissdg.paidfanomalygen container (declared in versions.yaml) or any host with the cosmos-predict2 conda env active. All phase commands assume that environment, at the repo root, with ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS exported.
${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} \ || ${ANOMALYGENSCRIPTS}/downloadcheckpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^}
bash MODE= NAME= DATASETDIR= CLEANDIR=${cleandir:-${DATASETDIR}} CKPT= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full STEP= required iff MODE=inferenceonly; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full NUMSDG= DEFECTDESC= DEFECTS=(T+A T+B) TEXTURE+TYPE n…
mode unset → halt: "mode is required (full | inferenceonly | finetuneonly)."
Read references/finetune.md §Phase 0 for HFTOKEN requirements and what gets downloaded. Both scripts default to the 2B base + t5-large (40 GB); pass --model-sizes ${MODELSIZE^^} so the chain checks and fetches the base size this run actually uses (2b→2B, 14b→14B) — otherwise a 1…
Permission review
The documentation asks the agent to run terminal commands or scripts.
required parameters up front, and run every command from the repo root.The documentation asks the agent to create, modify, or delete local files.
uid 10000 and the container fails the instant it tries to create a file there.The documentation asks the agent to run terminal commands or scripts.
full `docker run` command, the load-bearing-flag table, the preflight snippet,Evidence record
| Signal | Value | Evidence type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality score | 89/100 | Computed | Documentation, specificity, maintenance, and trust rules |
| Repository stars | 82 | Source | Repository attention, not individual Skill quality |
| Compatibility | 0 platforms | Source | Declared in the catalog source record |
| Usage guide | automated source guide | Editorial | Generated or reviewed according to the visible evidence level |
Pinned source
Standalone install? If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the
tao-setupskill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).
Multi-phase pipeline (0–7); the mode flag selects which phases run.
| Phase | What runs | Mode(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Verify / download pretrained checkpoints | all |
| 1 | Fine-tune on dataset_dir | full, finetune_only |
| 2 | Prepare inference JSONL (AMP routing) | full, inference_only |
| 3 | SDG — generate synthetic anomaly images → original/ | full, inference_only |
| 4 | Eval original/ — emit per_sample.csv + eval.log, merge nn_score into SDG_result.csv | full, inference_only |
| 5 | Per-sample (guidance, crop_ratio) search rounds → rounds/round_NN/ (each round runs SDG + eval) | full, inference_only |
| 6 | Assemble best-of-rounds into searched/ (stitch only), plus rounds/search_summary.csv | full, inference_only |
| 7 | Filter searched/ by nn_threshold (default 0.4), regen dropped samples, then canonical bucket eval → searched/{per_sample.csv, eval.log} | full, inference_only |
Run every phase through to completion without mid-run pauses. Collect all required parameters up front, and run every command from the repo root.
Shell setup. All ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS} references resolve to the packaged
helper-script directory. Inside the container this is preset (ENV ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS=<dir>/scripts/utilities); on the host, export it once per
shell:
export ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/utilities"
python3 -m scripts.utilities.<name> invocations work from any CWD inside the
container (PYTHONPATH is preset) and from the repo root on the host. When inside
a product container (ANOMALYGEN_PRODUCT_MODE=1), invoke anomalygen-guard
before any GPU work; if it reports BLOCKED, fix the listed issues before
continuing.
The pipeline runs inside the metropolis_sdg.paidf_anomalygen container
(declared in versions.yaml) or any host with the cosmos-predict2 conda env
active. All phase commands assume that environment, at the repo root, with
ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS exported.
Minimal end-to-end run (mode=full):
# 1. Set the shared variables (see "Shared variables" for the full set).
export ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/utilities"
MODE=full
NAME=my_exp
DATASET_DIR=/data/uc1
DEFECT_DESC=assets/defect_spec_template.jsonl
NUM_SDG=20
MODEL_SIZE=2b
# 2. Phase 0 — verify / download checkpoints (~40 GB for the 2B default; needs HF_TOKEN).
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} \
|| ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/download_checkpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^}
# 3. Walk Phases 1→7 in order (see each Phase section).
For mode=inference_only (reuse a checkpoint) also set CKPT/STEP and skip
Phase 1. For mode=finetune_only run only Phases 0–1.
The paidf-anomalygen image runs as a non-root baked-in user (USER anomalygen, uid=10000), independent of your host uid. Docker does not remap
uids on bind mounts, so a host directory owned by your uid is not writable by
uid 10000 and the container fails the instant it tries to create a file there.
Run as your host uid with --user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" plus the mandatory
/etc/passwd+/etc/group and HOME/cache-redirect companions, and run the
fail-fast write preflight before Phase 0. See references/docker.md for the
full docker run command, the load-bearing-flag table, the preflight snippet,
and the uid-10000 chown/chmod fallback.
Read references/finetune.md before Phase 0/1 and references/inference.md
before any of Phases 2–7; for mode=full read both before starting. The
remaining references below are on-demand — read when troubleshooting or needing
full detail for a specific phase.
| File | Read when |
|---|---|
references/finetune.md | Before Phase 0/1: env check, checkpoint download, dataset validation, config generation, training commands, best-checkpoint selection |
references/finetune-commands.md | Exact Phase 1 Step 1–4 commands and CKPT/STEP derivation |
references/inference-commands.md | Exact Phase 5 run_round.sh and Phase 7 filter_with_regen commands |
references/inference.md | Before Phases 2–7: AMP routing, JSONL validation, SDG flags, eval interpretation, search loop, filtering |
references/setup.md | Checkpoint download fails; first-time setup; HF_TOKEN / disk issues |
references/datasets.md | User needs to prepare or obtain a UC1 / UC2 / UC3 dataset; dataset_dir doesn't exist yet |
references/prep-testcase.md | AMP fails; need full param table, helper script descriptions, allocation invariant |
references/sdg-inference.md | NCCL hang; checkpoint validation error; multi-GPU VRAM question; full step list |
references/eval.md | Unexpected scores; FID column order confusion; eval output format reference |
references/sdg-refine.md | draws.json alignment; re-AMP heuristics; search output layout |
references/guard-and-custom-counts.md | Full guard preflight command; --per-defect-counts example |
references/docker.md | Container launch command, mount-permission flags, write preflight, uid-10000 fallback |
references/output-layout.md | Full results/<name>/ directory tree with per-file annotations; post-run Verification checklist |
references/error-handling.md | Pipeline-level failure modes: missing mask dirs, short/empty AMP, mid-round resume, off-boundary step |
num_SDG allocation depends on prep_testcase.sh --mode: inference (default,
Phase 2) is uniform across defect types, override per-defect via
--per-defect-counts; validation (Phase 1's validation JSONL) is proportional
to training mask counts (largest-remainder rounding) and enforces ≥1 per defect.
See references/prep-testcase.md for the full mode table.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
mode | full (Phase 0→7), inference_only (skip Phase 1), or finetune_only (Phase 0→1 only). |
name | Experiment label. |
dataset_dir | Training/reference dataset root. Drives mask-count allocation, AMP submask templates, and holds semantic_segmentation_labels.json for cad defects. |
defect_spec | JSONL tagging each defect spatial_dependency as free/text/cad. text entries need roi_prompt_defect_location. Template: assets/defect_spec_template.jsonl. |
num_SDG | Total output samples per bucket. (Ignored when mode=finetune_only.) |
| Parameter | Required when | Description |
|---|---|---|
checkpoint_dir / step | mode=inference_only | Pre-existing fine-tuned model. In mode=full these are auto-derived after Phase 1; passing them is an error. In mode=finetune_only silently ignored — Phase 1 always trains from scratch (no resume-from-checkpoint support). Both must be present together — supplying only one is an error. |
| Parameter | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
clean_dir | dataset_dir | Clean images. Set only when they live outside the training dataset. Forwarded as --clean-dir to prep-testcase and --clean-image-path to finetune. |
validation_jsonl | auto-generated | Pre-built validation JSONL for Phase 1. When supplied, preflight verifies every defect_spec type appears and paths exist. |
num_search_run | 3 | Per-sample search budget for Phase 5. 0 skips search (only original/). (Ignored when mode=finetune_only.) |
nn_threshold | 0.4 | nn_score cutoff for Phase 7 (DINOv2 correspondence to real defects — key KPI). Samples below are regenerated; final searched/ always has num_SDG. 0 disables filtering. |
max_iter | 75000 | Phase 1 only. Total fine-tune iterations. |
save_iter | 5000 | Phase 1 only. Checkpoint save interval. |
validation_iter | 5000 | Phase 1 only. Validation (nn_score) logging interval. |
num_gpus | 1 | Forwarded to Phase 1 (finetune) and Phase 3 (SDG). Eval and search rounds stay single-GPU. |
model_size | 2b | 2b or 14b. Used by finetune and SDG. On-disk checkpoint path encodes in upper-case (2b→2B, 14b→14B). |
lr | 0.02 | Phase 1 only. Learning rate. |
batch_size | 2 | Phase 1 only. Per-GPU batch size. |
image_size | 512 | Phase 1 only. Training resolution (square). |
guidance_range | 1.5 10.0 | Phase 5 search draw range for guidance. |
crop_ratio_range | 1.5 10.0 | Phase 5 search draw range for crop_ratio. |
mode unset → halt: "mode is required (full | inference_only | finetune_only)."mode=inference_only missing either checkpoint_dir or step → halt: "inference_only requires both checkpoint_dir and step."mode=full with checkpoint_dir or step supplied → halt: "full mode runs finetune; use mode=inference_only to reuse an existing checkpoint."Set once before Phase 0:
MODE=<full|inference_only|finetune_only>
NAME=<exp>
DATASET_DIR=<dataset_dir>
CLEAN_DIR=${clean_dir:-${DATASET_DIR}}
CKPT=<checkpoint_dir> # required iff MODE=inference_only; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full
STEP=<iter> # required iff MODE=inference_only; auto-derived after Phase 1 when MODE=full
NUM_SDG=<N>
DEFECT_DESC=<defect_spec.jsonl>
DEFECTS=(T+A T+B) # TEXTURE+TYPE names. For mode=inference_only, derive from ${CKPT}/ag_config.yaml → dataloader_train.dataset.anomaly_types (also printed by validate_checkpoint.py in Phase 0). For mode=full, take from DEFECT_DESC entries. See references/inference.md §Phase 0.
NUM_SEARCH_RUN=${num_search_run:-3}
NN_THRESHOLD=${nn_threshold:-0.4}
MODEL_SIZE=<2b|14b>
NUM_GPUS=${num_gpus:-1}
MAX_ITER=${max_iter:-75000}
SAVE_ITER=${save_iter:-5000}
VALIDATION_ITER=${validation_iter:-5000}
LR=${lr:-0.02}
BATCH_SIZE=${batch_size:-2}
IMAGE_SIZE=${image_size:-512}
VALIDATION_JSONL=${validation_jsonl:-} # optional; set by Phase 1 Step 2 if not user-supplied
BASE=results/${NAME}
JSONL=ag_inference/${NAME}/testcase.jsonl
ORIGINAL=${BASE}/original
SEARCHED=${BASE}/searched
ROUNDS=${BASE}/rounds
REGENS=${BASE}/regens
When ANOMALYGEN_PRODUCT_MODE=1, run
.agents/skills/anomalygen-guard/scripts/preflight.py before any GPU work and
fix any BLOCKED issues. --validation-jsonl is forwarded only when the user
supplied one; for MODE=finetune_only omit --num-sdg if not supplied. See
references/guard-and-custom-counts.md for the full preflight command with all
forwarded flags and the validation-JSONL / allocate_samples.py 0-entry
checks.
Read references/finetune.md §Phase 0 for HF_TOKEN requirements and what gets
downloaded. Both scripts default to the 2B base + t5-large (~40 GB); pass
--model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} so the chain checks and fetches the base size
this run actually uses (2b→2B, 14b→14B) — otherwise a 14b run
silently passes the 2B-only check and never downloads its checkpoint. Verify
first; download only what is missing.
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/check.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^} \
|| ${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/download_checkpoints.sh --model-sizes ${MODEL_SIZE^^}
MODE=inference_only)Read references/finetune.md §Phase 1 for dataset structure, config template
details, and best-checkpoint selection. Four steps: (1) validate dataset /
derive anomaly types, (2) generate the validation JSONL (skip if user supplied
VALIDATION_JSONL), (3) generate the training config — show it to the user
and confirm before writing — (4) launch training in the background. Then
derive CKPT (path encodes upper-case MODEL_SIZE) and STEP (highest
nn_score step from validation logs). If MODE=finetune_only, stop after
training. See references/finetune-commands.md for the exact Step 1–4 commands
and the CKPT/STEP derivation snippet.
MODE=finetune_only)Read references/inference.md §Phase 2 for AMP routing detail and n_seeds
sizing. Do NOT pass --seeds — it is auto-computed and is not a recognized
flag. prep_testcase.sh defaults to --mode inference (uniform allocation
across defect types, no KPI floor), which Phase 2 always uses.
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/prep_testcase.sh \
--name ${NAME} --num-sdg ${NUM_SDG} \
--dataset-dir ${DATASET_DIR} \
--clean-dir ${CLEAN_DIR} \
--defect-spec ${DEFECT_DESC} \
--amp-output-dir ag_inference/${NAME}/amp \
--output-jsonl ${JSONL}
Custom per-defect counts: when the user specifies counts per defect type,
translate to --num-sdg plus a --per-defect-counts JSON dict (types absent
from the dict get 0; sum should equal --num-sdg, else the script warns on
stderr and uses the override sum). Confirm the allocation when intent is
ambiguous. See references/guard-and-custom-counts.md for the full
--per-defect-counts command example and the ambiguity-handling detail.
original/Read references/inference.md §Phase 3 for JSONL validation against the
checkpoint, multi-GPU caveats, and output verification.
python3 -m scripts.utilities.validate_checkpoint ${CKPT} --step ${STEP}
python3 -m scripts.utilities.validate_jsonl ${CKPT} ${JSONL}
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_sdg.sh \
--checkpoint_dir ${CKPT} --step ${STEP} \
--input_jsonl ${JSONL} --output_dir ${ORIGINAL} \
--model_size ${MODEL_SIZE} --num_gpus ${NUM_GPUS}
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/verify_output.sh ${JSONL} ${ORIGINAL}
original/Read references/inference.md §Eval for score interpretation and feature-count
explanation. run_eval.sh writes per_sample.csv and eval.log inside
original/ and merges nn_score into SDG_result.csv.
${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_eval.sh \
--real-path ${DATASET_DIR} --generated-path ${ORIGINAL} \
--anomaly-types ${DEFECTS[@]}
Read references/inference.md §Phase 5 for draw strategy, ranges, and re-AMP
guidance. For r in 1..NUM_SEARCH_RUN:
per_sample.csv (or ${ORIGINAL}/per_sample.csv for r=1).${ROUNDS}/round_${r}/draws.json with selected (guidance, crop_ratio) per sample.${ANOMALYGEN_SCRIPTS}/run_round.sh (SDG + eval; the round dir
gets its own sdg/{SDG_result.csv, per_sample.csv, eval.log}). See
references/inference-commands.md §Phase 5 for the full command and flags.NUM_SEARCH_RUN=0 is valid — skip this phase entirely and let Phase 6
clone original/ into searched/.
searched/ (stitch only)Always run assemble (works with 0 rounds — searched/ clones original/, so
downstream always reads searched/ regardless of num_search_run). Stitch-only:
copies winning images per sample-index into searched/ and carries over
per-sample nn_score / mnn_score from each pick's source-round per_sample.csv.
No eval — Phase 7 emits the canonical searched/eval.log.
mkdir -p ${ROUNDS}
python3 -m scripts.utilities.assemble_searched \
--original-dir ${ORIGINAL} --original-csv ${ORIGINAL}/per_sample.csv \
--rounds-dir ${ROUNDS} --searched-dir ${SEARCHED}
nn_threshold=0.4)Phase 7 runs by default (nn_threshold=0.4) on every mode=full and
mode=inference_only invocation; pass nn_threshold=0 to skip it. It filters
searched/ by nn_threshold, regenerates dropped samples via re-AMP (fresh
(clean, submask) pairing in the same defect type) for up to 5 attempts, then
falls back to best-scoring non-passing regens and finally to dropped originals,
so the final bucket always equals num_SDG.
Run python3 -m scripts.utilities.filter_with_regen. Pass --allocation ag_inference/${NAME}/allocation.json so regen targets the intended
per-defect counts — without it a bucket left short (e.g. by an interrupted SDG)
cannot be topped back up to num_SDG. It runs the final run_eval.sh
internally — the only eval against searched/. Read
references/inference.md §Phase 7 for regen mechanics, source-column tracing,
and the regens/regen_summary.csv schema; see
references/inference-commands.md §Phase 7 for the full command and flags.
Every bucket that gets eval'd carries the same triad of files:
SDG_result.csv (generation params + nn_score + guardrail_pass),
per_sample.csv (per-sample nn + mnn), and eval.log (aggregate FID /
per-defect avg). Buckets live under results/<name>/ as original/ (Phase
3+4), searched/ (Phase 6 stitch + Phase 7 filter+regen+eval),
rounds/round_NN/ (Phase 5, plus search_summary.csv), and regens/regen_NN/
(Phase 7, plus regen_summary.csv).
Image content guardrail. A SigLIP content-safety check runs on every
generated image and records its verdict in SDG_result.csv.guardrail_pass
(1 safe / 0 blocked). A blocked image is replaced with an all-black
image that still occupies its slot on disk, so counting files cannot detect
it — never hand a guardrail_pass=0 sample downstream. Blacked-out samples
score near-zero nn_score, so Phase 7 regenerates them like any other
sub-threshold sample. Disable with ANOMALYGEN_IMAGE_GUARDRAIL=0.
See references/output-layout.md for the full directory tree with per-file
annotations, the guardrail semantics, and the post-run Verification
checklist (image counts per bucket, search_summary.csv /
regen_summary.csv row checks, the per-type nn_score / mnn_score / fid
fields in each eval.log, and the guardrail_pass sweep).
Common pipeline failure modes (missing mask dirs, short/empty AMP output and
the 0 entries written halt, mid-round SDG failure resume, off-boundary
step, validate_dataset.py's non-zero exit on any pairing issue, the
2B-only check.sh default, and guardrail-blocked black images) are covered in
references/error-handling.md; see also references/finetune.md and
references/inference.md for phase-specific error handling.