record-upgrade-instructions

Record upgrade instructions

This skill fires on PRs inside this repo that make a breaking change to Prisma Next. It walks you through adding a per-transition upgrade-instructions entry in the right published skill package(s) — so downstream users and extension authors can run the matching agent flow to migrate their code automatically.

The published skills you will be authoring entries into:

• skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/ — distributed via pnpm dlx skills add prisma/prisma/skills/upgrade --all. Audience: users of Prisma Next (consumers of the public package API: @internal/postgres, @internal/mongo, the contract files in prisma/, on-disk migration shape).
• skills/extension-author/prisma-8-extension-upgrade/ — distributed via pnpm dlx skills add prisma/prisma/skills/extension-author --all. Audience: authors of Prisma Next extensions (consumers of the framework SPI: @internal/contract, @internal/framework-components, @internal/migration-tools, etc.).

The two skill clusters are independent (no shared content). Cross-audience breaking changes — where the same on-disk transformation applies to both substrates — are recorded separately in each cluster, including duplicated colocated scripts.

When to use

Fire this skill on any PR where:

• You refactored framework code, then
• the test suite went red in examples/ and/or packages/3-extensions/, and
• you fixed those red tests by editing the substrate (not by reverting the framework change).

Those edits to examples/ or packages/3-extensions/ are the signal. The matching test suite would have been red for downstream consumers without an upgrade-instructions entry; the entry's effect on the substrate is the same code translation a downstream consumer will run via the published skill.

If both substrates are touched, both packages need entries (see Cross-audience entries).

Even consumer-invisible-looking diffs need an entry. A change to the format of contract.json / contract.d.ts (or any other emitted artefact) is itself an upgrade instruction — consumers will need to either run a codemod or re-emit. Where the substrate diff is genuinely no-op for consumers (incidental regeneration with no behavioural change), the entry can ship with changes: [] to record that explicitly. There is no carve-out for "generated paths"; any substrate diff requires a record.

Detection signals & routing

Two mechanical signals, each tied to one destination package:

The substrate diff is the signal that an entry is required. The agent fixing the red tests in those substrates sees the signal directly; the reviewer sees the same diff. The release-pipeline check (pnpm check:upgrade-coverage) enforces the outcome — a substrate diff without the matching directory fails the PR.

Authoring workflow

For each PR that hits one or both signals, walk these steps in order.

1. Determine the in-flight transition. Read the version field from the root package.json on the PR branch. That value is the currently published version (the source-of-truth pnpm bump-minor reads when preparing the next release). Call its minor M. The in-flight transition is therefore M → M+1, and the in-flight directory in each destination package is upgrades/<M>-to-<M+1>/ — e.g. "0.7.0" in package.json means you're authoring into upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/. The branch's package.json is the source-of-truth — do not consult npm view. If there is no substrate diff at all, no entry is needed — skip to step 7.

2. Identify the touched substrate(s). Compute git diff origin/main..HEAD restricted to examples/ and to packages/3-extensions/. Each non-empty substrate corresponds to one destination package per the routing table above. The "both" case is normal — the rare PR (e.g. a structural on-disk migration shape change) touches both.

3. Find or create the directory in each destination. For each destination, the directory is <destination>/upgrades/<M>-to-<M+1>/ where M is the currently-published minor from step 1 (so e.g. skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/ for the user-skill). If the directory already exists (an earlier PR on the same transition created it, or the placeholder shipped with the initial mechanism PR is still there), do not create a duplicate — append a new entry to the existing instructions.md's changes[] array.

4. Write the entry into instructions.md. Each changes[] entry carries an id (kebab-case, unique within the transition), a one-line summary, an optional detection block (glob + content predicate the consumer's agent runs to know whether the change applies to that consumer's project), and an optional script: reference (relative path to a colocated script next to instructions.md). For changes that need agent reasoning across the codebase rather than a deterministic script, the entry omits script: and the agent follows the prose body of instructions.md instead.

   Only record changes that require consumer action. Every changes[] entry — and every paragraph in the prose body — must describe something the consumer has to do. Do not include narrative about substrate diffs that need no consumer response (e.g. dev-only dep bumps inside examples/, internal-only renames, generated-artefact churn that round-trips on re-emit). The absence of an entry already communicates "do nothing" — saying it explicitly is noise, and it dilutes the signal of the entries that do require action. If the entire in-flight transition is genuinely no-op for consumers, ship changes: [] with no body prose; the changes: [] array is the record. The reviewer treats any "consumers do not need to take any action" sentence in the body as a defect.

5. Author any colocated scripts. Scripts are portable — TypeScript (run via pnpm exec tsx), shell (*.sh), codemods (jscodeshift-style *.codemod.cjs), whichever fits the change. Scripts must not require network access, environment variables, or any input beyond the consumer's filesystem and the script's bundled assets. If the same script applies to both substrates (cross-audience case), copy it into both packages' directories — symlinks do not survive npm publish, and a hard dependency between the two packages is forbidden.

6. Validate the entry by execution (see Validation by execution below for the concrete recipe). The acceptance criterion is the matching substrate's test suite green after the entry application, and the resulting substrate diff matching the PR-branch state.

7. Commit on the PR branch (see PR commit shape below for what the commit must include).

Validation by execution

Before merging, every new entry runs against the corresponding in-repo substrate, starting from the substrate's pre-PR state and ending with green tests. This is the quality bar — the human reviewer does not have to vouch for entries on cases they didn't run.

Workflow per entry (one of the two flows; both apply for cross-audience entries):

User-skill entry (against examples/)

1. Check out the PR branch with the framework change applied.
2. Revert examples/ to its pre-PR state (git restore --source=origin/main -- examples/).
3. Run the entry against the reverted substrate — invoke any colocated script(s) per the entry's script: reference, then walk the prose body of instructions.md if the entry has additional instructions.
4. Verify the resulting examples/ directory matches the PR-branch state (git diff origin/main..HEAD -- examples/ ≡ git diff -- examples/ after step 3).
5. Verify the matching test suite is green: pnpm test:examples.

If any of those checks fail, iterate on the entry. Do not merge.

Extension-skill entry (against packages/3-extensions/)

1. Check out the PR branch with the framework change applied.
2. Revert packages/3-extensions/ to its pre-PR state (git restore --source=origin/main -- packages/3-extensions/).
3. Run the entry against the reverted substrate.
4. Verify the resulting packages/3-extensions/ directory matches the PR-branch state.
5. Verify the matching test suite is green: pnpm test --filter='./packages/3-extensions/*'.

If any of those checks fail, iterate on the entry. Do not merge.

PR commit shape

The PR that introduces the breaking change must contain, in addition to the framework change itself:

• The new entry directory in each affected skill — <destination>/upgrades/<M>-to-<M+1>/instructions.md plus any colocated scripts (where M is the currently-published minor read from root package.json).
• The post-instructions state of every affected substrate — these substrates would have been left broken without the entry; the entry's effect on the substrate is the diff that brings them back to green. The PR-branch substrate state and the validation-by-execution output state must be identical.
• A reference in the PR description naming each entry directory (e.g. "Adds entries to skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/ and skills/extension-author/prisma-8-extension-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/.").

The human reviewer + the CI gate (pnpm check:upgrade-coverage) both check this shape, but the gate is necessary-but-not-sufficient — it only asserts that the in-flight transition directory exists, not that this PR's substrate diff has a matching changes[] entry. So a PR can have a real substrate diff, contribute no entry, and still pass the gate green whenever an earlier PR already created the transition directory. (This is exactly how a breaking change can ship undocumented: the directory was already there, so the gate stayed green.) The gap is load-bearing for the reviewer: the human reviewer must verify that every substrate diff in the PR has a corresponding entry — the gate will not catch a missing entry once the directory exists. The reviewer also catches the semantic case (entry exists but its prose / scripts don't match the framework change).

Cross-audience entries (duplication)

When a breaking change affects both substrates, the same on-disk transformation may apply to both examples/ and packages/3-extensions/. Author entries in both packages:

• Append a changes[] entry to each skill's instructions.md. The two entries may have the same id, summary, and detection — that is fine; they are independent records in independent skill clusters.
• Copy the colocated script into both directories. Do not symlink (the GitHub-URL pnpm dlx skills add flow discards symlinks); do not import one from the other (the two clusters have no cross-dep).

Bug fixes to either copy land via normal PRs. Yes, duplication carries small ongoing maintenance cost. The trade-off is deliberate — the two skill clusters must remain independent so a consumer can install either, both, or neither without one transitively pulling in the other.

Skipped publishes

If a minor was bumped in-tree but never actually shipped to npm — package.json advanced from M to M+1 on main but no vM+1.0 tag landed, so the next publish crosses two minor steps in one release — keep authoring per single-step transition. The coverage gate accepts the chain of consecutive transition directories spanning the unreleased range: a 0.7 → 0.9 publish is satisfied by both upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/ and upgrades/0.8-to-0.9/ existing, not by a synthetic upgrades/0.7-to-0.9/. New entries added on a branch that publishes across a skip may land in any chain step (or the in-flight directory for the cycle after head); the per-version-step authoring model is the source of truth, the gate aggregates.

Rebase scenario

If a release PR lands on main mid-flight (advancing the currently-published minor from M to M+1), your topic branch's next rebase brings the new package.json value with it:

1. Re-run step 1 of the authoring workflow. The currently-published minor is now M+1, and the in-flight directory is upgrades/<M+1>-to-<M+2>/.
2. Author any new entries (changes added on this rebase) in upgrades/<M+1>-to-<M+2>/. The new-entries check (part of pnpm check:upgrade-coverage) blocks file adds in stale transition directories.
3. Existing entries your branch added before the rebase to upgrades/<M>-to-<M+1>/ may be left in place — they describe the transition that just shipped, and modifications / removals of any transition directory are allowed (the new-entries check only enforces added paths).

Decide per-entry whether each prior add belongs in the just-shipped transition directory or should be relocated. The rule of thumb: if the entry fixes a substrate diff that already shipped under M+1, leave it in upgrades/<M>-to-<M+1>/; if the entry fixes a substrate diff introduced by the further refactoring you did after the rebase, move it to upgrades/<M+1>-to-<M+2>/.

Out of scope

This skill records upgrade instructions — code-translation entries the published skills will replay against consumer projects. It does not add the per-step bump-install-instructions-validate-commit loop to entry bodies. That flow is general content carried in the published SKILL.md files (skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/SKILL.md and the matching extension-author file) and runs around your entry. Your entry only contains the code-translation work specific to the transition.

This skill also does not enforce the exact-pin rule for extensions — that is prisma-8-check-pins (a bin of @internal/extension-author-tools), and it runs in extension authors' own CI plus in the extension-upgrade skill's per-step flow.

Worked example

A PR refactors types in @internal/migration-tools. After running pnpm typecheck:

• packages/3-extensions/pgvector is red — the extension consumes MigrationMetadata and the type shape changed. You fix the extension's source until tests are green.
• examples/multi-extension-monorepo is red as a downstream consequence of the extension change. You fix the example until tests are green.

Both substrates are touched → both skill packages need entries.

1. Read root package.json on the PR branch → version: "0.7.0". Currently-published minor is 0.7, so the in-flight transition is 0.7 → 0.8. Directory is upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/ in each skill package.
2. Both substrates touched.
3. skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/instructions.md already exists (placeholder shipped with the initial mechanism PR). Append a changes[] entry — call it migration-metadata-shape-update. Same for skills/extension-author/prisma-8-extension-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/instructions.md.
4. The user-skill entry may be prose-only (e.g. "rename the imported type from MigrationMetadata to MigrationManifest in any consumer code"), since the user-facing fix is a simple rename.
5. The extension-skill entry needs more work — the SPI changed shape, not just name. Author skills/extension-author/prisma-8-extension-upgrade/upgrades/0.7-to-0.8/update-migration-tools-imports.ts and reference it from the entry's script: field. If the same transformation also applies to the example, copy the script into the user-skill cluster's directory too.
6. Validate by execution: revert packages/3-extensions/ to pre-PR → run the extension-skill entry → verify pnpm test --filter='./packages/3-extensions/*' green and diff matches PR-branch state. Then revert examples/ to pre-PR → run the user-skill entry → verify pnpm test:examples green and diff matches.
7. Commit on the PR branch with both entry directories, the colocated script(s), and the matching substrate post-state.

Reference

• Mechanism Linear ticket: TML-2519.
• Coverage gate script: scripts/check-upgrade-coverage.mjs (invoked as pnpm check:upgrade-coverage).
• Published skills whose entries you are authoring: skills/upgrade/prisma-next-upgrade/, skills/extension-author/prisma-8-extension-upgrade/.