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- Patrones idiomáticos de Kotlin, buenas prácticas y convenciones para construir aplicaciones Kotlin robustas, eficientes y mantenibles con coroutines, null safety y builders de DSL.
affaan-m/ECC
Patrones idiomáticos de Kotlin, buenas prácticas y convenciones para construir aplicaciones Kotlin robustas, eficientes y mantenibles con coroutines, null safety y builders de DSL.
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/es/skills/kotlin-patterns"Source checked Jul 28, 2026·Refresh due Oct 26, 2026
Reorganized from the pinned upstream SKILL.md
According to the pinned SKILL.md from affaan-m/ECC: Patrones idiomáticos de Kotlin y buenas prácticas para construir aplicaciones robustas, eficientes y mantenibles.
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/es/skills/kotlin-patterns"Best fit
Bring this context
Expected outputs
Key source sections
Sections are extracted automatically from the pinned SKILL.md and link back to the source.
Escribir nuevo código Kotlin
Este skill aplica convenciones idiomáticas de Kotlin en siete áreas clave: null safety usando el sistema de tipos y operadores de llamada segura, inmutabilidad mediante val y copy() en data classes, clases selladas e interfaces para jerarquías de tipos exhaustivas, concurrencia…
Null safety con el operador Elvis:
El sistema de tipos de Kotlin distingue tipos nullable de no-nullable. Aprovecharlo al máximo.
El sistema de tipos de Kotlin distingue tipos nullable de no-nullable. Aprovecharlo al máximo.
SkillSignal prompt templates
These prompts were written by SkillSignal from the source structure; they are not upstream text.
Task-start prompt
Confirm source fit, inputs, and outputs before acting.
Use kotlin-patterns to help me with: [specific task]. Context: [files, data, or background]. Constraints: [environment, scope, and prohibited actions]. Before acting, check the pinned SKILL.md and explain which sections apply, what inputs are still missing, and what you will deliver.
Source-guided execution
Make the Agent explicitly follow the key extracted sections.
Apply the pinned kotlin-patterns source to [task]. Pay particular attention to these source sections: “Cuándo Usar”, “Cómo Funciona”, “Ejemplos”, “Principios Fundamentales”, “1. Null Safety”. Preserve the important decision at each step. Mark facts not covered by the source as “needs confirmation” instead of inventing them. Then verify the result against my acceptance criteria: [criteria].
Result-review prompt
Check omissions, permissions, and source drift before delivery.
Review the current kotlin-patterns result: (1) does it satisfy the original task; (2) were any applicable steps or limits in the pinned SKILL.md missed; (3) did it perform any unauthorized file, command, network, or data action; and (4) which conclusions remain unverified? List issues first, then fix only what the source or user authorization supports.
Output checklist
The task matches the purpose documented in the SKILL.md.
The source section “Cuándo Usar” has been checked.
The source section “Cómo Funciona” has been checked.
The source section “Ejemplos” has been checked.
The source section “Principios Fundamentales” has been checked.
Inputs, constraints, and acceptance criteria are explicit.
Unverified facts, compatibility, and outcome claims are clearly marked.
Any file, command, network, or data action has been reviewed.
Choose a different workflow
Idiomatic Kotlin patterns, best practices, and conventions for building robust, efficient, and maintainable Kotlin applications with coroutines, null safety, and DSL builders.
A separate implementation from affaan-m/ECC; compare its source, maintenance signals, and permission requirements.
Open source detailCoroutine'ler, null safety ve DSL builder'lar ile sağlam, verimli ve sürdürülebilir Kotlin uygulamaları oluşturmak için idiomatic Kotlin kalıpları, en iyi uygulamalar ve konvansiyonlar.
A separate implementation from affaan-m/ECC; compare its source, maintenance signals, and permission requirements.
Open source detail惯用的Kotlin模式、最佳实践和约定,用于构建健壮、高效且可维护的Kotlin应用程序,包括协程、空安全和DSL构建器。
A separate implementation from affaan-m/ECC; compare its source, maintenance signals, and permission requirements.
Open source detailFAQ
Patrones idiomáticos de Kotlin y buenas prácticas para construir aplicaciones robustas, eficientes y mantenibles.
The catalog detected this source-specific install command: npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC --skill "docs/es/skills/kotlin-patterns". Inspect the command and pinned source before running it.
No dedicated Agent platform is declared in the pinned source record.
Quality breakdown
Based on traceable docs and repository signals; stars are not treated as quality.
Compare before choosing
These links are selected from shared tasks, functions, stacks, platforms, and same-name variants. Compare the source owner, documentation, permissions, and maintenance signals.
Idiomatic Kotlin patterns, best practices, and conventions for building robust, efficient, and maintainable Kotlin applications with coroutines, null safety, and DSL builders.
Coroutine'ler, null safety ve DSL builder'lar ile sağlam, verimli ve sürdürülebilir Kotlin uygulamaları oluşturmak için idiomatic Kotlin kalıpları, en iyi uygulamalar ve konvansiyonlar.
惯用的Kotlin模式、最佳实践和约定,用于构建健壮、高效且可维护的Kotlin应用程序,包括协程、空安全和DSL构建器。
コルーチン、null 安全性、DSL ビルダーを使用して堅牢・効率的・保守性の高い Kotlin アプリケーションを構築するための慣用的な Kotlin パターン、ベストプラクティス、規約。
When the user wants to plan, design, or implement an A/B test or experiment, or build a growth experimentation program. Also use when the user mentions "A/B test," "split test," "experiment," "test this change," "variant copy," "multivariate test," "hypothesis," "should I test this," "which version is better," "test two versions," "statistical significance," "how long should I run this test," "growth experiments," "experiment velocity," "experiment backlog," "ICE score," "experimentation program
Patrones idiomáticos de Kotlin y buenas prácticas para construir aplicaciones robustas, eficientes y mantenibles.
Este skill aplica convenciones idiomáticas de Kotlin en siete áreas clave: null safety usando el sistema de tipos y operadores de llamada segura, inmutabilidad mediante val y copy() en data classes, clases selladas e interfaces para jerarquías de tipos exhaustivas, concurrencia estructurada con coroutines y Flow, funciones de extensión para agregar comportamiento sin herencia, builders de DSL type-safe usando @DslMarker y receptores lambda, y Gradle Kotlin DSL para configuración de build.
Null safety con el operador Elvis:
fun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {
val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
return user?.email ?: "unknown@example.com"
}
Sealed class para resultados exhaustivos:
sealed class Result<out T> {
data class Success<T>(val data: T) : Result<T>()
data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result<Nothing>()
data object Loading : Result<Nothing>()
}
Concurrencia estructurada con async/await:
suspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =
coroutineScope {
val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }
val posts = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }
UserProfile(user = user.await(), posts = posts.await())
}
El sistema de tipos de Kotlin distingue tipos nullable de no-nullable. Aprovecharlo al máximo.
// Bien: Usar tipos no-nullable por defecto
fun getUser(id: String): User {
return userRepository.findById(id)
?: throw UserNotFoundException("User $id not found")
}
// Bien: Llamadas seguras y operador Elvis
fun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {
val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
return user?.email ?: "unknown@example.com"
}
// Mal: Desempaquetar forzadamente tipos nullable
fun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {
val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
return user!!.email // Lanza NPE si es null
}
Preferir val sobre var, colecciones inmutables sobre mutables.
// Bien: Datos inmutables
data class User(
val id: String,
val name: String,
val email: String,
)
// Bien: Transformar con copy()
fun updateEmail(user: User, newEmail: String): User =
user.copy(email = newEmail)
// Bien: Colecciones inmutables
val users: List<User> = listOf(user1, user2)
val filtered = users.filter { it.email.isNotBlank() }
// Mal: Estado mutable
var currentUser: User? = null // Evitar estado global mutable
val mutableUsers = mutableListOf<User>() // Evitar a menos que sea realmente necesario
Usar cuerpos de expresión para funciones concisas y legibles.
// Bien: Cuerpo de expresión
fun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean = age >= 18
fun formatFullName(first: String, last: String): String =
"$first $last".trim()
fun User.displayName(): String =
name.ifBlank { email.substringBefore('@') }
// Bien: When como expresión
fun statusMessage(code: Int): String = when (code) {
200 -> "OK"
404 -> "Not Found"
500 -> "Internal Server Error"
else -> "Unknown status: $code"
}
// Mal: Cuerpo de bloque innecesario
fun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean {
return age >= 18
}
Usar data classes para tipos que principalmente contienen datos.
// Bien: Data class con copy, equals, hashCode, toString
data class CreateUserRequest(
val name: String,
val email: String,
val role: Role = Role.USER,
)
// Bien: Value class para type safety (cero overhead en tiempo de ejecución)
@JvmInline
value class UserId(val value: String) {
init {
require(value.isNotBlank()) { "UserId cannot be blank" }
}
}
@JvmInline
value class Email(val value: String) {
init {
require('@' in value) { "Invalid email: $value" }
}
}
fun getUser(id: UserId): User = userRepository.findById(id)
// Bien: Sealed class para when exhaustivo
sealed class Result<out T> {
data class Success<T>(val data: T) : Result<T>()
data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result<Nothing>()
data object Loading : Result<Nothing>()
}
fun <T> Result<T>.getOrNull(): T? = when (this) {
is Result.Success -> data
is Result.Failure -> null
is Result.Loading -> null
}
fun <T> Result<T>.getOrThrow(): T = when (this) {
is Result.Success -> data
is Result.Failure -> throw error.toException()
is Result.Loading -> throw IllegalStateException("Still loading")
}
sealed interface ApiError {
val message: String
data class NotFound(override val message: String) : ApiError
data class Unauthorized(override val message: String) : ApiError
data class Validation(
override val message: String,
val field: String,
) : ApiError
data class Internal(
override val message: String,
val cause: Throwable? = null,
) : ApiError
}
fun ApiError.toStatusCode(): Int = when (this) {
is ApiError.NotFound -> 404
is ApiError.Unauthorized -> 401
is ApiError.Validation -> 422
is ApiError.Internal -> 500
}
// let: Transformar resultado nullable o delimitado
val length: Int? = name?.let { it.trim().length }
// apply: Configurar un objeto (retorna el objeto)
val user = User().apply {
name = "Alice"
email = "alice@example.com"
}
// also: Efectos secundarios (retorna el objeto)
val user = createUser(request).also { logger.info("Created user: ${it.id}") }
// run: Ejecutar un bloque con receptor (retorna resultado)
val result = connection.run {
prepareStatement(sql)
executeQuery()
}
// with: Forma no-extensión de run
val csv = with(StringBuilder()) {
appendLine("name,email")
users.forEach { appendLine("${it.name},${it.email}") }
toString()
}
// Mal: Anidar funciones de scope
user?.let { u ->
u.address?.let { addr ->
addr.city?.let { city ->
println(city) // Difícil de leer
}
}
}
// Bien: Encadenar llamadas seguras en su lugar
val city = user?.address?.city
city?.let { println(it) }
// Bien: Extensiones específicas del dominio
fun String.toSlug(): String =
lowercase()
.replace(Regex("[^a-z0-9\\s-]"), "")
.replace(Regex("\\s+"), "-")
.trim('-')
fun Instant.toLocalDate(zone: ZoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault()): LocalDate =
atZone(zone).toLocalDate()
// Bien: Extensiones de colecciones
fun <T> List<T>.second(): T = this[1]
fun <T> List<T>.secondOrNull(): T? = getOrNull(1)
// Bien: Extensiones delimitadas (sin contaminar el namespace global)
class UserService {
private fun User.isActive(): Boolean =
status == Status.ACTIVE && lastLogin.isAfter(Instant.now().minus(30, ChronoUnit.DAYS))
fun getActiveUsers(): List<User> = userRepository.findAll().filter { it.isActive() }
}
// Bien: Concurrencia estructurada con coroutineScope
suspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =
coroutineScope {
val userDeferred = async { userService.getUser(userId) }
val postsDeferred = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }
UserProfile(
user = userDeferred.await(),
posts = postsDeferred.await(),
)
}
// Bien: supervisorScope cuando los hijos pueden fallar independientemente
suspend fun fetchDashboard(userId: String): Dashboard =
supervisorScope {
val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }
val notifications = async { notificationService.getRecent(userId) }
val recommendations = async { recommendationService.getFor(userId) }
Dashboard(
user = user.await(),
notifications = try {
notifications.await()
} catch (e: CancellationException) {
throw e
} catch (e: Exception) {
emptyList()
},
recommendations = try {
recommendations.await()
} catch (e: CancellationException) {
throw e
} catch (e: Exception) {
emptyList()
},
)
}
// Bien: Flow frío con manejo de errores adecuado
fun observeUsers(): Flow<List<User>> = flow {
while (currentCoroutineContext().isActive) {
val users = userRepository.findAll()
emit(users)
delay(5.seconds)
}
}.catch { e ->
logger.error("Error observing users", e)
emit(emptyList())
}
// Bien: Operadores de Flow
fun searchUsers(query: Flow<String>): Flow<List<User>> =
query
.debounce(300.milliseconds)
.distinctUntilChanged()
.filter { it.length >= 2 }
.mapLatest { q -> userRepository.search(q) }
.catch { emit(emptyList()) }
// Bien: Respetar la cancelación
suspend fun processItems(items: List<Item>) {
items.forEach { item ->
ensureActive() // Verificar cancelación antes del trabajo costoso
processItem(item)
}
}
// Bien: Limpieza con try/finally
suspend fun acquireAndProcess() {
val resource = acquireResource()
try {
resource.process()
} finally {
withContext(NonCancellable) {
resource.release() // Siempre liberar, incluso al cancelar
}
}
}
// Inicialización diferida
val expensiveData: List<User> by lazy {
userRepository.findAll()
}
// Propiedad observable
var name: String by Delegates.observable("initial") { _, old, new ->
logger.info("Name changed from '$old' to '$new'")
}
// Propiedades respaldadas por Map
class Config(private val map: Map<String, Any?>) {
val host: String by map
val port: Int by map
val debug: Boolean by map
}
val config = Config(mapOf("host" to "localhost", "port" to 8080, "debug" to true))
// Bien: Delegar implementación de interfaz
class LoggingUserRepository(
private val delegate: UserRepository,
private val logger: Logger,
) : UserRepository by delegate {
// Solo sobreescribir lo que necesitas agregar logging
override suspend fun findById(id: String): User? {
logger.info("Finding user by id: $id")
return delegate.findById(id).also {
logger.info("Found user: ${it?.name ?: "null"}")
}
}
}
// Bien: DSL con @DslMarker
@DslMarker
annotation class HtmlDsl
@HtmlDsl
class HTML {
private val children = mutableListOf<Element>()
fun head(init: Head.() -> Unit) {
children += Head().apply(init)
}
fun body(init: Body.() -> Unit) {
children += Body().apply(init)
}
override fun toString(): String = children.joinToString("\n")
}
fun html(init: HTML.() -> Unit): HTML = HTML().apply(init)
// Uso
val page = html {
head { title("My Page") }
body {
h1("Welcome")
p("Hello, World!")
}
}
data class ServerConfig(
val host: String = "0.0.0.0",
val port: Int = 8080,
val ssl: SslConfig? = null,
val database: DatabaseConfig? = null,
)
data class SslConfig(val certPath: String, val keyPath: String)
data class DatabaseConfig(val url: String, val maxPoolSize: Int = 10)
class ServerConfigBuilder {
var host: String = "0.0.0.0"
var port: Int = 8080
private var ssl: SslConfig? = null
private var database: DatabaseConfig? = null
fun ssl(certPath: String, keyPath: String) {
ssl = SslConfig(certPath, keyPath)
}
fun database(url: String, maxPoolSize: Int = 10) {
database = DatabaseConfig(url, maxPoolSize)
}
fun build(): ServerConfig = ServerConfig(host, port, ssl, database)
}
fun serverConfig(init: ServerConfigBuilder.() -> Unit): ServerConfig =
ServerConfigBuilder().apply(init).build()
// Uso
val config = serverConfig {
host = "0.0.0.0"
port = 443
ssl("/certs/cert.pem", "/certs/key.pem")
database("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydb", maxPoolSize = 20)
}
// Bien: Usar secuencias para colecciones grandes con múltiples operaciones
val result = users.asSequence()
.filter { it.isActive }
.map { it.email }
.filter { it.endsWith("@company.com") }
.take(10)
.toList()
// Bien: Generar secuencias infinitas
val fibonacci: Sequence<Long> = sequence {
var a = 0L
var b = 1L
while (true) {
yield(a)
val next = a + b
a = b
b = next
}
}
val first20 = fibonacci.take(20).toList()
// Verificar las últimas versiones: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/releases.html
plugins {
kotlin("jvm") version "2.3.10"
kotlin("plugin.serialization") version "2.3.10"
id("io.ktor.plugin") version "3.4.0"
id("org.jetbrains.kotlinx.kover") version "0.9.7"
id("io.gitlab.arturbosch.detekt") version "1.23.8"
}
group = "com.example"
version = "1.0.0"
kotlin {
jvmToolchain(21)
}
dependencies {
// Ktor
implementation("io.ktor:ktor-server-core:3.4.0")
implementation("io.ktor:ktor-server-netty:3.4.0")
implementation("io.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation:3.4.0")
implementation("io.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json:3.4.0")
// Exposed
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-core:1.0.0")
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-dao:1.0.0")
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-jdbc:1.0.0")
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-kotlin-datetime:1.0.0")
// Koin
implementation("io.insert-koin:koin-ktor:4.2.0")
// Coroutines
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.10.2")
// Pruebas
testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5:6.1.4")
testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:6.1.4")
testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-property:6.1.4")
testImplementation("io.mockk:mockk:1.14.9")
testImplementation("io.ktor:ktor-server-test-host:3.4.0")
testImplementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.10.2")
}
tasks.withType<Test> {
useJUnitPlatform()
}
detekt {
config.setFrom(files("config/detekt/detekt.yml"))
buildUponDefaultConfig = true
}
// Bien: Usar Result de Kotlin o una sealed class personalizada
suspend fun createUser(request: CreateUserRequest): Result<User> = runCatching {
require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { "Name cannot be blank" }
require('@' in request.email) { "Invalid email format" }
val user = User(
id = UserId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()),
name = request.name,
email = Email(request.email),
)
userRepository.save(user)
user
}
// Bien: Encadenar resultados
val displayName = createUser(request)
.map { it.name }
.getOrElse { "Unknown" }
// Bien: Precondiciones con mensajes claros
fun withdraw(account: Account, amount: Money): Account {
require(amount.value > 0) { "Amount must be positive: $amount" }
check(account.balance >= amount) { "Insufficient balance: ${account.balance} < $amount" }
return account.copy(balance = account.balance - amount)
}
// Bien: Operaciones encadenadas
val activeAdminEmails: List<String> = users
.filter { it.role == Role.ADMIN && it.isActive }
.sortedBy { it.name }
.map { it.email }
// Bien: Agrupación y agregación
val usersByRole: Map<Role, List<User>> = users.groupBy { it.role }
val oldestByRole: Map<Role, User?> = users.groupBy { it.role }
.mapValues { (_, users) -> users.minByOrNull { it.createdAt } }
// Bien: Associate para creación de maps
val usersById: Map<UserId, User> = users.associateBy { it.id }
// Bien: Partition para dividir
val (active, inactive) = users.partition { it.isActive }
| Modismo | Descripción |
|---|---|
val sobre var | Preferir variables inmutables |
data class | Para objetos de valor con equals/hashCode/copy |
sealed class/interface | Para jerarquías de tipos restringidas |
value class | Para wrappers type-safe con cero overhead |
when expresión | Pattern matching exhaustivo |
Llamada segura ?. | Acceso a miembros null-safe |
Elvis ?: | Valor por defecto para nullables |
let/apply/also/run/with | Funciones de scope para código limpio |
| Funciones de extensión | Agregar comportamiento sin herencia |
copy() | Actualizaciones inmutables en data classes |
require/check | Aserciones de precondiciones |
Coroutine async/await | Ejecución concurrente estructurada |
Flow | Streams reactivos fríos |
sequence | Evaluación diferida |
Delegación by | Reutilizar implementación sin herencia |
// Mal: Desempaquetar forzadamente tipos nullable
val name = user!!.name
// Mal: Fuga de tipos de plataforma desde Java
fun getLength(s: String) = s.length // Seguro
fun getLength(s: String?) = s?.length ?: 0 // Manejar nulls de Java
// Mal: Data classes mutables
data class MutableUser(var name: String, var email: String)
// Mal: Usar excepciones para control de flujo
try {
val user = findUser(id)
} catch (e: NotFoundException) {
// No usar excepciones para casos esperados
}
// Bien: Usar retorno nullable o Result
val user: User? = findUserOrNull(id)
// Mal: Ignorar el scope de coroutine
GlobalScope.launch { /* Evitar GlobalScope */ }
// Bien: Usar concurrencia estructurada
coroutineScope {
launch { /* Correctamente delimitado */ }
}
// Mal: Funciones de scope profundamente anidadas
user?.let { u ->
u.address?.let { a ->
a.city?.let { c -> process(c) }
}
}
// Bien: Cadena null-safe directa
user?.address?.city?.let { process(it) }
Recuerda: El código Kotlin debe ser conciso pero legible. Aprovecha el sistema de tipos para seguridad, prefiere la inmutabilidad y usa coroutines para concurrencia. Ante la duda, deja que el compilador te ayude.